As an grownup, Raniere reported that he read through Isaac Asimov's thoughts command-themed work Second Foundation at age 12 and credited the novel with inspiring his work in NXIVM. On June 19, 2019, a jury in a Eastern District of New York convicted Raniere of crimes such as intercourse trafficking of little ones, conspiracy, and conspiracy to commit forced labor, all connected to a key society inside of NXIVM identified as DOS, or the Vow.