In an 1860 paper, the excellent French forensic healthcare expert Auguste Ambroise Tardieu gathered alongside one another a series of 32 these circumstances, of which eighteen were lethal, the young children dying from starvation and/or recurrent physical abuse it integrated the case of Adeline Defert, who was returned by her grandparents at the age of 8, and for nine many years tortured by her mother and father - whipped each day, hung up by.