In May 2011, five members of Anonymous fashioned the hacktivist group Lulz Security, otherwise recognized as LulzSec. The group's 1st attack that garnered major authorities consideration was in 2011, when they collectively took down a site of the FBI. In 2011, Ai served as co-director and curator of the 2011 Gwangju Design Biennale, and co-curator of the exhibition Shanshui at The Museum of Art Lucerne.