Washington, D.C., does not have full representation in the U.S. Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association. In 2019, John Fitisemanu of American Samoa challenged his incapacity to vote mainly because of his standing as a non-citizen national of the United States. Any U.S. citizen who resides in Puerto Rico (regardless of whether a Puerto Rican or not) is successfully disenfranchised at the countrywide stage.