Wolf, Mark J. P. (November 30, 2007). The Video Game Explosion: A History from PONG to Playstation and Beyond. Helena, Montana, U.S. December 30, 1897. pp. ISSN 1743-6109. PMID 30621919. S2CID 58592884. Retrieved 30 December 2021. there was evidence of a constructive, cross-sectional association among self-described problematic use and ED, but no reliable association involving mere use by itself and ED.