During the 1960s, Warhol also groomed a retinue of bohemian and counterculture eccentrics on whom he bestowed the designation "superstars", including Nico, Joe Dallesandro, Edie Sedgwick, Viva, Ultra Violet, Holly Woodlawn, Jackie Curtis, and Candy Darling. Warhol was severely wounded by the attack and hardly survived. In the fifties, Warhol worked as a designer for shoe company Israel Miller.