In an 1860 paper, the great French forensic health care specialist Auguste Ambroise Tardieu collected collectively a sequence of 32 these instances, of which eighteen were lethal, the children dying from hunger and/or recurrent actual physical abuse it involved the case of Adeline Defert, who was returned by her grandparents at the age of 8, and for nine years tortured by her mothers and fathers - whipped each working day, hung up by her thumbs.