Welker, James. "Intersections: Review, Boys' Love Manga: Essays on the Sexual Ambiguity and Cross-Cultural Fandom of the Genre". In the mid-1990s, estimates of the dimensions of the Japanese yaoi fandom ranged from 100,000 to 500,000 persons. Yaoi has been the issue of disputes on legal and moral grounds. In Thailand, the sale of unauthorized reproductions of shōnen-ai manga to youngsters in 2001 led to media protection and a moral panic.