In May 2011, 5 members of Anonymous formed the hacktivist group Lulz Security, otherwise recognised as LulzSec. The group's 1st assault that garnered major federal government interest was in 2011, when they collectively took down a internet site of the FBI. In 2011, Ai served as co-director and curator of the 2011 Gwangju Design Biennale, and co-curator of the exhibition Shanshui at The Museum of Art Lucerne.