The expression yaoi emerged in the late nineteen seventies and early eighties in the context of dōjinshi (同人誌, self-published performs) lifestyle as a portmanteau of yama nashi, ochi nashi, imi nashi ("no climax, no level, no meaning"), where by it was applied in a self-deprecating fashion to refer to beginner fan performs that focused on sexual intercourse to the exclusion of plot and character growth, and that frequently parodied.