In May 2011, 5 associates of Anonymous formed the hacktivist group Lulz Security, otherwise recognized as LulzSec. The group's initial assault that garnered major governing administration notice was in 2011, when they collectively took down a web page of the FBI. In 2011, Ai served as co-director and curator of the 2011 Gwangju Design Biennale, and co-curator of the exhibition Shanshui at The Museum of Art Lucerne.