S where phenotyped on MS medium containing 0 and 3 (w/v) Suc and soil (peat/perlite/vermiculite) according to the parameters described previously (Boyes et al., 2001). Seeds were sterilized with chlorine gas and sown on MS medium containing 3 (w/v) Suc followed by 48 h of stratification at 4 . Plants were grown for 2 weeks at 22 with a light intensity of 80 mmol quanta m22 s21 in a 16-h photop