Most appreciably, on 25 March 1847, Pius IX issued the encyclical Praedecessores nostros, which named the full Catholic entire world to add moneywise and spiritually to Irish aid. In January 1847, the government deserted this policy, realising that it had failed, and turned to a mixture of "indoor" and "outside" direct relief the previous administered in workhouses via the Irish Poor Laws, the latter through soup kitchens.